Nkhani

Ngakhale zomangira zingakhale zachilendo, amapeza njira yopangira zomangamanga, zosangalatsa, ndi kupanga mipando. Kuyambira ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku monga kupanga makoma ndi kupanga makabati mpaka kupanga mabenchi amatabwa, zomangira zogwira ntchitozi zimagwirizanitsa pafupifupi chilichonse. Chifukwa chake kusankha zomangira zoyenera pulojekiti yanu ndikofunikira.
Malo opangira zida zam'deralo amadzaza ndi zosankha zosatha. Ndipo ichi ndi chifukwa chake: mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomangira imafunikira pama projekiti osiyanasiyana. Mukamathera nthawi yochuluka mukusonkhanitsa ndi kukonza zinthu m’nyumba, m’pamenenso mumadziwa bwino mitundu isanu ya zomangirazo ndipo mudzaphunzira nthawi komanso mmene mungagwiritsire ntchito mtundu uliwonse.
Werengani kuti mudziwe za mitundu yodziwika bwino ya zomangira, komanso mitu ya screw ndi mitundu ya screwdrivers. M'kuphethira kwa diso, muphunzira momwe mungadziwire mitundu ina kuchokera ku ina, ndikupanga ulendo wotsatira kupita ku sitolo ya hardware mwachangu kwambiri.
Popeza zomangira zimakankhidwira mumatabwa ndi zinthu zina, maverebu oti “drive” ndi “screw” amadalirana potchula zomangira. Kumangitsa screw kumangotanthauza kuyika torque yomwe ikufunika kuti ukhomere mu screw. Zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa zitsulo zimatchedwa screwdrivers ndipo zimaphatikizapo screwdrivers, drill / screwdrivers, ndi madalaivala okhudzidwa. Ambiri ali ndi nsonga za maginito zothandizira kusunga wononga pamalo pamene akulowetsa. Mtundu wa screwdriver umasonyeza mapangidwe a screwdriver omwe ali oyenerera kuyendetsa mtundu wina wa screw.
Tisanakambirane mtundu wa screw yomwe ili yoyenera pa chinthu china chomwe mukufuna kuchita, tiyeni tikambirane za momwe zomangira zambiri zimayikidwa masiku ano. Kuti mugwire bwino, mitu ya screw idapangidwa kuti ikhale ndi screwdriver kapena kubowola.
Mwachitsanzo, lingalirani za Phillips Screw Company ya Phillips Screw: Chomangira chodziwika bwinochi chimazindikirika mosavuta ndi “+” pamutu pake ndipo chimafunika Phillips screwdriver kuti chilowerere. zomangira zapamutu zalowa mumsika, kuphatikiza nyenyezi ya 6- ndi 5-point, hex, ndi masikweya mitu, komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana yophatikizira monga masikweya opumira ndi kagawo kakang'ono. n'zogwirizana ndi kubowola angapo kudutsana pakati pa mitu.
Mukamagula zomangira za projekiti yanu, dziwani kuti muyenera kufananiza kapangidwe ka mutu wa screw ndi bit screwdriver yoyenera. Mwamwayi, pang'onopang'ono seti imaphatikizapo ma bits angapo kuti agwirizane ndi makulidwe onse amtundu wa wononga ndikumanga masinthidwe. Mitundu ina yodziwika bwino ya screw drive ndi:
Kupatula mtundu wa mutu, khalidwe lina lomwe limasiyanitsa zomangira ndizomwe zimatsukidwa kapena sizikukhazikika. Chisankho choyenera chimadalira mtundu wa polojekiti yomwe mukugwira ntchito komanso ngati mukufuna kuti mitu ya screw ikhale pansi pa zinthuzo.
Kukula kokhazikika kokhazikika kumatsimikiziridwa ndi screw shaft diameter, ndipo makulidwe ambiri a screw amapezeka motalika zingapo. Zomangira zosakhazikika zilipo, koma nthawi zambiri zimayikidwa pazifukwa zinazake (monga zomangira za magalasi) osati kukula kwake. M'munsimu muli masikelo odziwika kwambiri:
Kodi mitundu ya screw imagawidwa bwanji? Mtundu wa screw (kapena momwe mumagulira kuchokera ku sitolo ya hardware) nthawi zambiri zimadalira zinthu zomwe zidzalumikizidwa ndi screw. Zotsatirazi ndi zina mwa zomangira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza nyumba.
Zomangira zamatabwa zimakhala ndi ulusi wolimba womwe umakhala wosalala pamwamba pa thabwa, pansi pamutu, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosalala. Kapangidwe kameneka kamapereka kulumikizana kolimba kwambiri pophatikiza matabwa ndi matabwa.
Pachifukwa ichi, zomangira nthawi zina zimatchedwa "zomangamanga". Pamene screw yatsala pang'ono kubowoledwa, gawo losalala lomwe lili pamwamba pa shank limazungulira momasuka kuti mutu usakanikizidwe mozama kulowa. Pa nthawi yomweyo, ulusi nsonga ya wononga kuluma pansi pa matabwa, kukoka matabwa awiri mwamphamvu pamodzi. Mutu wopindika wa screw umalola kuti ikhale pansi kapena pansi pang'ono pamwamba pa nkhuni.
Posankha zomangira zomangira matabwa, sankhani utali woti nsonga ya wonongayo ilowe pafupifupi 2/3 ya makulidwe a mbale yoyambira. Kutengera kukula, mupeza zomangira zamatabwa zomwe zimasiyana kwambiri m'lifupi, kuchokera pa #0 (1/16″ m'mimba mwake) mpaka #20 (5/16″ m'mimba mwake).
Kukula kofala kwambiri kwa matabwa ndi #8 (pafupifupi 5/32 ya inchi m'mimba mwake), koma monga tanena kale, kukula kwa screw komwe kumakugwirirani bwino kumatengera polojekiti kapena ntchito yomwe mukuchita. Zomaliza zomangira, mwachitsanzo, zimapangidwira kumangiriza zomangira ndi zomangira, kotero mitu ndi yaying'ono kuposa zomangira zamatabwa; iwo ndi tapered ndi kulola wononga kuti alowetsedwe pansi pang'ono pamwamba pa matabwa, kusiya dzenje laling'ono kuti akhoza kudzazidwa ndi matabwa putty.
Zomangira zamatabwa zimabwera m'mitundu yonse yamkati ndi yakunja, zomangirazo nthawi zambiri zimakometsedwa kapena kuthandizidwa ndi zinki kuti zithetse dzimbiri. Amisiri apanyumba omwe amagwira ntchito zapanja pogwiritsa ntchito matabwa oponderezedwa ayenera kuyang'ana zomangira zamatabwa zomwe zimagwirizana ndi alkaline copper quaternary ammonium (ACQ). Sachita dzimbiri akagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi nkhuni zomwe zapanikizidwa ndi mankhwala opangidwa ndi mkuwa.
Kulowetsa zomangira m'njira yoletsa kung'ambika kwa matabwa kwakhala kumafuna amisiri apakhomo kuboola bowo loyendetsa ndege asanalowetse zomangirazo. Zomangira zolembedwa kuti "kudzigogoda" kapena "kudzibowolera" zili ndi mfundo yomwe imatsanzira momwe kubowola, kupanga mabowo obowola kale kukhala chinthu chakale. Chifukwa sizitsulo zonse zomwe zimakhala zomangira zokhazokha, onetsetsani kuti mukuwerenga mosamala zomangirazo.
Zoyenera: kulumikiza matabwa ndi matabwa, kuphatikizapo kupanga, kulumikiza zojambulajambula, ndi kupanga mabuku.
Malingaliro athu: SPAX #8 2 1/2 ″ Full Thread Zinc Plated Multi-Piece Flat Head Phillips Screws - $9.50 mu bokosi la mapaundi imodzi ku The Home Depot. Ulusi waukulu pa zomangira zimawathandiza kudula mu matabwa ndikupanga mgwirizano wolimba komanso wamphamvu.
Zomangira izi zimangogwiritsidwa ntchito kumangirira mapanelo owuma ndipo ndi 1 ″ mpaka 3 ″ kutalika. Mitu yawo ya "belu" idapangidwa kuti imizidwe pang'ono m'malo owuma popanda kung'amba chivundikiro cha pepala loteteza; chifukwa chake dzina la socket head screws. Palibe kubowola chisanadze chofunika apa; pamene zomangira zodzigonjazi zikafika pamtengo kapena mtengo, zimayendetsa molunjika mmenemo. Zomangira zomangira zowuma ndi zabwino kumangirira mapanelo owuma pamitengo, koma ngati mukuyika zomangira pazitsulo zazitsulo, yang'anani zomangira zopangira zitsulo.
ZINDIKIRANI. Kuti muwayike, muyeneranso kugula chobowola chowuma, chifukwa sichimaphatikizidwa nthawi zonse pazobowola. Izi ndizofanana ndi Phillips bit, koma ili ndi mphete yaying'ono kapena "phewa" pafupi ndi nsonga ya kubowola kuti wononga zisakhazikike mozama.
Kusankha Kwathu: Phillips Bugle-Head No. 6 x 2 Inch Coarse Thread Drywall Screw kuchokera ku Grip-Rite - $7.47 yokha pa bokosi la 1-pounds ku The Home Depot. Chomangira cha drywall anchor chokhala ndi mawonekedwe okulirapo amakulolani kuti mukhomeke mosavuta mu drywall popanda kuwononga gulu.
Chinthu choyamba chomwe mungazindikire za zomangira zomangira (zomwe zimadziwikanso kuti "nangula wa konkriti") ndikuti nsonga za ambiri aiwo sizikuwongoleredwa (ngakhale zina). Zomangira zomangira sizimabowola zokha, m'malo mwake wogwiritsa ntchito amayenera kubowolatu bowolo asanalowetse screw. Ngakhale zomangira zina zomangira zili ndi mutu wa Phillips, ambiri akweza mitu ya hex yomwe imafunikira kachingwe kapadera, koyenera kukhazikitsa.
Yang'anani phukusi la zomangira, ndi ma bits ndi miyeso yotani yomwe imafunika kuti mubowole kale mabowo, kenako kubowola mabowo mu nangula. Kubowola kumafuna kubowola mwala, koma zomangirazi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kubowola kokhazikika.
Oyenera: Kulumikiza matabwa kapena zitsulo ku konkire, mwachitsanzo, kulumikiza pansi pamatabwa ku maziko a konkire kapena zipinda zapansi.
Malingaliro athu: Zowononga zoyenera pa ntchitoyi ndi Tapcon 3/8 ″ x 3 ″ Large Diameter Hex Concrete Anchor - pezani izi mu paketi ya 10 kuchokera ku The Home Depot kwa $21.98 yokha. Zomangira zomangira zimakhala ndi ulusi wautali komanso wabwino wopangidwa kuti ugwire wononga mu konkire.
Zomangira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kumangirira sitimayo kapena "pansi padenga" pamiyala yamtengo wapatali zimapangidwa kuti nsonga zake zisungunuke kapena pansi pa matabwa. Mofanana ndi zitsulo zamatabwa, zomangira zakunjazi zimakhala ndi ulusi wolimba komanso pamwamba pa shank yosalala ndipo zimapangidwira kuti zisamachite dzimbiri ndi dzimbiri. Ngati mukuyika matabwa pansi, gwiritsani ntchito zomangira za ACQ zokha.
Zomangira zambiri zodzikongoletsera zimangodzigunda zokha ndipo zimabwera muzitsulo zonse za Phillips ndi Star. Zimakhala zazitali kuyambira 1 5/8 ″ mpaka 4 ″ ndipo zimatchedwa "Deck Screws" pamapaketi. Opanga laminate amatchula kugwiritsa ntchito zomangira zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri poika zinthu zawo.
Zabwino kwambiri: Kugwiritsa ntchito zomangira zokongoletsa kumangiriza mapanelo opendekera pamakina amtengo. Zomangira za countersunk izi sizikwera pansi, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala abwino pamalo omwe mumayendapo.
Malingaliro athu: Deckmate #10 x 4″ Red Star Flat Head Deck Screws - Gulani bokosi la 1-pounds ku The Home Depot kwa $9.97. Mitu yopindika ya zomangira zomangira zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuzikhomera muzopindika.
Medium Density Fibreboard (MDF) nthawi zambiri imapezeka m'nyumba monga zomangira zamkati monga zomangira ndi zomangira, komanso pomanga mabokosi ndi mashelufu omwe amafunikira kusonkhana. MDF ndi yolimba kuposa matabwa olimba ndipo ndiyovuta kubowola ndi zomangira zamatabwa wamba osagawanika.
Pali njira ziwiri zomwe zatsala: kubowola mabowo oyendetsa mu MDF ndikugwiritsa ntchito zomangira zamatabwa nthawi zonse, kapena kufupikitsa nthawi yogwirira ntchito ndikugwiritsa ntchito zomangira zokha za MDF. Zomangira za MDF ndizofanana ndi zomangira zamatabwa wamba ndipo zimakhala ndi mutu wa torx, koma kapangidwe kake kamachotsa kufunikira kogawika ndikubowola mabowo oyendetsa.
ZAMBIRI KWA: Kuti mupewe kubowola mabowo poyika MDF, gwiritsani ntchito zomangira za MDF, kuthetsa mavuto pobowola ndi zomangira.
Malingaliro athu: SPAX #8 x 1-3/4 ″ T-Star Plus Partial Thread galvanized MDF Screws - Pezani bokosi la 200 kwa $6.97 ku The Home Depot. Nsonga ya screw ya MDF imakhala ndi kubowola kakang'ono m'malo mobowola wamba, kotero imabowola wononga ikayikidwa.
Mukamagula zomangira, mudzazindikira mawu osiyanasiyana: ena amatanthauzira zomangira zabwino kwambiri zamitundu ina yazinthu (mwachitsanzo, zomangira zamatabwa), ndipo ena amatchulanso zomangira zapadera, monga zomangira zosabedwa. Pakapita nthawi, ma DIYers ambiri amazolowera njira zina zodziwira ndi kugula zomangira:
Ngakhale kuti anthu ena amagwiritsa ntchito mawu oti "screw" ndi "bolt" mosiyana, zomangira izi ndizosiyana kwambiri. Zomangira zimakhala ndi ulusi womwe umaluma matabwa kapena zinthu zina ndikupanga kulumikizana mwamphamvu. Bolt ikhoza kulowetsedwa mu dzenje lomwe lilipo, nati imafunika mbali ina ya zinthu kuti bolt ikhale. Zomangira nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazifupi kuposa zomwe amapangira, pomwe mabawuti amakhala ataliatali kuti athe kumangirizidwa ku mtedza.
Kwa ma DIYers ambiri apanyumba, kuchuluka ndi mitundu ya zomangira zomwe zilipo zitha kuwoneka zochulukirapo, koma zonse zili ndi ntchito zake. Kuphatikiza pa kudziwa makulidwe odziwika bwino a screw, ndikofunikira kudziwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomangira zomwe zimapezeka pazinthu zina, monga zomangira zachitsulo kapena zowonera.
Chofunikira kwambiri kwa DIYers kukumbukira pogula zomangira ndikufananiza mtundu wa screw mutu ndi screwdriver. Sizingathandizenso kugula zomangira tamper ngati mulibe madalaivala oyenera kuzigwiritsa ntchito.
Msika wama fasteners ndi waukulu ndipo ukukula pomwe opanga amapanga zomangira zosiyanasiyana komanso zabwinoko ndi zomangira za ntchito zinazake. Amene akuphunzira njira zosiyanasiyana zomangira akhoza kukhala ndi mafunso. Nawa mayankho a mafunso otchuka kwambiri.
Pali mitundu yambiri ya zomangira zomwe zimasiyana m'mimba mwake, kutalika, ndi cholinga. Misomali yonse ndi zomangira zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kulumikiza ndi kulumikiza zipangizo zosiyanasiyana.
Zomangira za Torx zimakhala ndi mutu wa hex, zimatha kukhala zamkati kapena zakunja, ndipo zimafuna torx screwdriver yoyenera kukhazikitsa ndikuchotsa.
Zomangira izi, monga zomangira za Confast, zidapangidwa kuti ziziyendetsedwa mu konkriti ndipo zimakhala ndi ulusi wakuda ndi wopepuka wosinthasintha, womwe umadziwika kuti ndi wabwino kwambiri pakukonza konkire. Nthawi zambiri amakhala abuluu ndipo amakhala ndi mitu ya Phillip screw.
Zopangira poto zapamutu zimapezeka muzinthu zosiyanasiyana ndipo zimakhala ndi pobowola pang'ono (m'malo mwa screw point) kotero palibe chifukwa choboola mabowo oyendetsa musanayike cholumikizira.
Zomangira wamba izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga nyumba ndi kukonzanso. Amapangidwa ndi chitsulo cholimba cha shear ndipo amabwera ndi mitu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana.